Cywilizacja czasu zobiektywizowanego

Abstrakt

The article discusses the key issue of historiosophy of Nicolas Berdyaev (1874-1948), an outstanding representative of Russian religious-philosophical revival. Berdyaev considered time and history as main categories of philosophy of the history. The Russian philosopher deriving from ascertainments developed his original concept of time and history. Berdyaev maintained that the main idea of philosophy is connected with
understanding time as the process of objectivication (objectivization) of human and considering the end of the history as the ultimate overcoming of objectivication. The thinker tried to create the philosophy of the end because until then philosophy had had eschatological character only to a small extent. Eschatological historiosophy does not mean waiting for the end of time and history which is supposed to take place in certain time but it results from a philosophical problem. The originality and depth of thoughts concerning time and history put Berdyaev in the fi rst row of historiosophers of XX century but most of all they make him a special representative of Russian philosophy of history. He was distinguished by extreme persistence in finding ways out from closed circle of time and by big heroism in overcoming the process of objectivication. His concept of historiosophy based on eschatology constitutes a perfect proposition of solving the problem of history by liberation from objectivication. Time and history in the Russian thinker’s philosophy gain deep meaning thanks to the perspective of apocalyptic drama that has both individual and common to all mankind dimensions. Berdyaev not only creates theoretical basis of interesting concept of philosophy of the history but also makes bright analysis of causes and results of crisis of culture, civilization and ably
creates the vision of the future which has partly fulfilled and it is possible that it will fully fulfill.